Sunday, 3 March 2013

How to pronounce 'one'

I have noticed that the vowel sound in the word 'one' can be pronounced in a number of different ways.

Before I go into the details, I will give a quick overview of the vowel sounds that I will be talking about. The standard way to pronounce 'one' (that is, the pronunciation that dictionaries give) is [wʌn]. If you don't know what those funny symbols mean, don't worry! The 'wedge' /ʌ/ symbol in IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) represents the vowel sound in CUP, as pronounced by those who are from Southern England.


Now, people from Northern England have a different vowel sound in CUP than most English speakers from Southern England, North America and the Southern Hemisphere. In Northern England, the vowel in CUP is identical to the vowel in PUT. Linguists represent this sound with the /ʊ/ symbol. Think about the stereotypical Corrie pronunciation of 'cuppa' for an idea of what the /ʊ/ vowel sounds like. For Northerners, PUT and PUTT sound exactly the same; they're homophones. But most other English speakers have a different vowel sound in these two words.


Many people from Northern England pronounce 'one' as [wʊn], just as you'd expect. But there is a third pronunciation, which seems to be restricted to the UK as far as I know. It is possible to make 'one' rhyme with 'gone'. The vowel sound in GONE is represented by the 'inverted-A' symbol /ɒ/, at least in British English, where the tongue is positioned far back in the mouth and the lips are slightly rounded.


The pronunciation of 'one' as [wɒn], rhyming with GONE rather than GUN, appears to be mainly a Midlands and Northern phenomenon. My basic research would suggest that Northerners and Midlanders who move south and begin to assimilate a Southern accent tend to hold on to [wɒn], and often fail to adopt the standard Southern pronunciation.


One person from Derby commented on a forum that people from his neck of the woods have /ɒ/ in 'one' and 'none', but also for 'among' and 'tongue'. I have heard some Northerners pronounce 'worry' and 'wonder' with an /ɒ/ vowel. This goes against the usual correspondence of /ʌ/ in Southern England with /ʊ/ in the North and Midlands. It seems like 'one', 'none', 'among' and 'tongue' belong to a special set of words that are pronounced with a /ɒ/ in the North of England and a /ʌ/ everywhere else.


Now, it so happens that my pronunciation of 'one' rhymes with GONE rather than GUN, yet I have never lived in the North of England. I make a distinction between 'one' [wɒn] and 'won' [wʌn], which for most people are homophones. I have heard other Southerners pronouncing 'one' and 'none' with the /ɒ/ vowel, so maybe this feature isn't as Northern as we might think. It's probably just under-documented. Wiktionary gives /wɒn/ as a possible pronunciation of 'one', without specifying anything about region:


(non RP, non-standard British) IPA: /wɒn/


How do you think you pronounce 'one' and 'none', and where are you from? Do you hear other people pronounce 'one' differently to you?

4 comments:

  1. Interesting observations. On a slightly related note, I have a friend who uses /ʌ/ in PUT and similar words, thus reversing the normal expectations. I've even heard FOOT as /fʌt/ from him. It's rather strange.

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  2. That's odd. Is he from the North originally? It could possibly be hypercorrection.

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  3. Yes, he is. That is the most likely explanation.

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  4. A lot of regional speakers whu say /wɒn/ can't tell it's wun when they southernise/americanise their accents eg beatles.
    An accent map of the UK (clive upton?) also indicated spots in the south where one is /wɒn/ not wun.

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